<p>Sets CIF and FOB sales in a commercial and legal context, explaining the global trade environment and legal systems in which they operate.<br />
Outlines the rule around the passing of the risk and transfers of property, and exceptions thereto.<br />
Defines a CIF sale, the essential elements of its contract and the variants which can exist.<br />
Covers shipment, including duties, description of goods, fitness for purpose, quantity, time, place and route of shipment, as well as the ship and destination.<br />
Explains bills of lading and other transport documents which may be relevant to a CIF contract.<br />
Describes the insurance cover and documents consequent of the use of a CIF contract.<br />
Covers other relevant documents, like export licences, certificates and commercial invoices.<br />
Analyses buyers&rsquo; obligations under a CIF sale, including payment, compliance with formalities and the duty to nominate a destination if not fixed by the contract.<br />
Discusses the most common FOB variants and their history.<br />
Explains the duties of the seller regarding delivery, loading, stowing, packaging, documentary duties, bills of lading and export licences.<br />
Sets out buyers&rsquo; obligations under an FOB sale, covering the duty to make an effective nomination, cost and liabilities under shipping, export and import licences and payment of the price.<br />
Covers insurance issues under FOB contracts.<br />
Discusses how the doctrine of force majeure and frustration can be used in the context of specific CIF and FOB contract clauses.<br />
Explains the various remedies available, including cases of waiver, estoppel, breach, statutory remedies and damages.<br />
Addresses difficult questions around conflict of laws, covering jurisdictional and arbitration issues, as well as common law options and the issue of which conventions/regulations determine the law.</p>
